{"id":49,"date":"2025-10-14T14:29:32","date_gmt":"2025-10-14T06:29:32","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/47.99.178.170\/?p=49"},"modified":"2025-10-18T15:18:37","modified_gmt":"2025-10-18T07:18:37","slug":"%e3%80%90%e7%bc%96%e7%a8%8b%e8%af%ad%e8%a8%80%e5%ad%a6%e4%b9%a0%e3%80%91gnu-make-2makefile%e5%b8%b8%e7%94%a8%e5%87%bd%e6%95%b0","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.garfield-blog.top\/?p=49","title":{"rendered":"\u3010\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u4e60\u3011GNU make (2)Makefile\u5e38\u7528\u51fd\u6570"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>GNU make<\/code>\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5904\u7406\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u3001\u53d8\u91cf\u3001\u6587\u672c\u548c\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u51fd\u6570\u6211\u4eec\u7684<code>makefile<\/code>\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e66\u5199\u7684\u66f4\u52a0\u7075\u6d3b\u548c\u5065\u58ee<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. \u51fd\u6570\u7684\u8c03\u7528\u8bed\u6cd5<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>GNU make<\/code> \u51fd\u6570\u7684\u8c03\u7528\u683c\u5f0f\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u5f15\u7528\uff0c\u4ee5<code>\u201c$\u201d<\/code>\u5f00\u59cb\u8868\u793a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f15\u7528\u3002\u8bed\u6cd5\u683c\u5f0f\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<br>\u200b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>$(FUNCTION ARGUMENTS)\n\n# \u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\n${FUNCTION ARGUMENTS}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>FUNCTION<\/code>\u662f\u9700\u8981\u8c03\u7528\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u540d\uff0c\u5b83\u9700\u8981\u662f <code>make<\/code> \u5185\u5d4c\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u540d\uff1b\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7528\u6237\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u9700\u8981\u901a\u8fc7 <code>make<\/code> \u7684<code>call<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u95f4\u63a5\u8c03\u7528<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>ARGUMENTS<\/code>\u662f\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u53c2\u6570\u548c\u51fd\u6570\u540d\u4e4b\u95f4\u4f7f\u7528\u82e5\u5e72\u4e2a\u7a7a\u683c\u6216\u8005<code>[tab]<\/code>\u5b57\u7b26\u5206\u5272\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5b58\u5728\u591a\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u53c2\u6570\u4e4b\u95f4\u4f7f\u7528\u9017\u53f7<code>,<\/code>\u5206\u5f00<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u51fd\u6570\u5904\u7406\u53c2\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u5982\u679c\u5b58\u5728\u5bf9\u5176\u5b83\u53d8\u91cf\u6216\u8005\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u5f15\u7528\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5f15\u7528\u8fdb\u884c\u5c55\u5f00\u5f97\u5230\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u800c\u540e\u624d\u5bf9\u5b83\u4eec\u8fdb\u884c\u5904\u7406\u3002\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u5c55\u5f00\u987a\u5e8f\u662f\u6309\u7167\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u5148\u540e\u987a\u5e8f\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u7684<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u4e66\u5199\u65f6\uff0c\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u4e0d\u80fd\u51fa\u73b0\u9017\u53f7<code>,<\/code>\u548c\u7a7a\u683c\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u9017\u53f7\u88ab\u4f5c\u4e3a\u591a\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u5206\u9694\u7b26<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code># \u5f53\u6709\u9017\u53f7\u6216\u8005\u7a7a\u683c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u628a\u5b83\u4eec\u8d4b\u503c\u7ed9\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u5728\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u5f15\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\n\ncomma:= , \nempty:= \nspace:= $(empty) $(empty) \nfoo:= a b c \nbar:= $(subst $(space),$(comma),$(foo))<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. \u6587\u672c\u5904\u7406\u51fd\u6570<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.1 \u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u66ff\u6362\u51fd\u6570\u2014subst<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u51fd\u6570\u539f\u578b\uff1a<strong><code>$(subst FROM,TO,TEXT)<\/code><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u51fd\u6570\u529f\u80fd\uff1a\u628a\u5b57\u4e32<code>TEXT<\/code>\u4e2d\u7684<code>FROM<\/code>\u5b57\u7b26\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a<code>TO<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\uff1a\u66ff\u6362\u540e\u7684\u65b0\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>$(subst FROM,TO,TEXT)\n\n# \u793a\u4f8b\n$(subst ee, EE , test ee)    #test EE<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.2 \u6a21\u5f0f\u66ff\u6362\u51fd\u6570\u2014patsubst<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u51fd\u6570\u539f\u578b\uff1a<strong><code>$(patsubst PATTERN,REPLACEMENT,TEXT)<\/code><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u51fd\u6570\u529f\u80fd\uff1a\u641c\u7d22<code>TEXT<\/code>\u4e2d\u4ee5\u7a7a\u683c\u5206\u5f00\u7684\u5355\u8bcd\uff0c\u5c06\u5426\u7b26\u5408\u6a21\u5f0f<code>PTATTERN<\/code>\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a<code>REPLACEMENT<\/code>\u3002\u53c2\u6570<code>PATTERN<\/code>\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u6a21\u5f0f\u901a\u914d\u7b26<code>%<\/code>\u6765\u4ee3\u8868\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u8bcd\u4e2d\u7684\u82e5\u5e72\u5b57\u7b26\u3002\u5728\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u5982\u679c\u9700\u8981\u5c06\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u51fa\u73b0\u7684<code>%<\/code>\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5b57\u7b26\u672c\u8eab\u800c\u4e0d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6a21\u5f0f\u5b57\u7b26\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4f7f\u7528\u53cd\u659c\u6760<code>\\<\/code>\u8fdb\u884c\u8f6c\u4e49\u5904\u7406<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\uff1a\u66ff\u6362\u540e\u7684\u65b0\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u51fd\u6570\u8bf4\u660e\uff1a\u53c2\u6570<code>TEXT<\/code>\u5355\u8bcd\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u591a\u4e2a\u7a7a\u683c\u5728\u5904\u7406\u65f6\u88ab\u5408\u5e76\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u683c\uff0c\u5e76\u5ffd\u7565\u524d\u5bfc\u548c\u7ed3\u5c3e\u7a7a\u683c<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>$(patsubst %.c,%.o,x.c.c bar.c)     #x.c.o bar.o\n\n# \u628a\u5b57\u4e32\u201cx.c.c bar.c\u201d\u4e2d\u4ee5.c \u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u5355\u8bcd\u66ff\u6362\u6210\u4ee5.o \u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u3002\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u8fd4\u56de\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\u201cx.c.o bar.o\u201d<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.3 \u53bb\u7a7a\u683c\u51fd\u6570\u2014strip<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u51fd\u6570\u539f\u578b\uff1a<strong><code>$(strip STRINT)<\/code><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u51fd\u6570\u529f\u80fd\uff1a\u53bb\u6389\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32<code>STRINT<\/code>\u7684\u5f00\u5934\u548c\u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u7a7a\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u4e2d\u591a\u4e2a\u8fde\u7eed\u7a7a\u5b57\u7b26\u5408\u5e76\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u5b57\u7b26<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\uff1a\u65e0\u524d\u5bfc\u548c\u7ed3\u5c3e\u7a7a\u5b57\u7b26\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u5355\u4e00\u7a7a\u683c\u5206\u5272\u7684\u591a\u5355\u8bcd\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u51fd\u6570\u8bf4\u660e\uff1a\u7a7a\u5b57\u7b26\u5305\u62ec\u7a7a\u683c\u3001<code>[Tab]<\/code>\u7b49\u4e0d\u53ef\u663e\u793a\u5b57\u7b26<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>STR =        a          b  c \nLOSTR = $(strip $(STR))\nall:\n    $(info $(STR))              #        a          b  c\n    $(info $(LOSTR))            #a b c\n\n# strip\u201d\u51fd\u6570\u7ecf\u5e38\u7528\u5728\u6761\u4ef6\u5224\u65ad\u8bed\u53e5\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u6bd4\u8f83\u7684\u53ef\u9760\u548c\u5065\u58ee<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.4 \u67e5\u627e\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u51fd\u6570\u2014findstring<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u51fd\u6570\u539f\u578b\uff1a <strong><code>$(findstring FIND,IN)<\/code><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u51fd\u6570\u529f\u80fd\uff1a\u5728\u641c\u7d22\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32<code>IN<\/code>\uff0c\u67e5\u627e<code>FIND<\/code>\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u5728<code>IN<\/code>\u4e4b\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728<code>FIND<\/code>\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de<code>FIND<\/code>\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u7a7a<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u51fd\u6570\u8bf4\u660e\uff1a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32<code>IN<\/code>\u4e4b\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u5305\u542b\u7a7a\u683c\u3001<code>[Tab]<\/code>\u3002\u641c\u7d22\u9700\u8981\u662f\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u6587\u672c\u5339\u914d<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>$(info $(findstring a,a b c))\n$(info $(findstring a,b c))\n\n# \u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\u5b57\u201ca\u201d\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u503c\u4e3a\u7a7a\u5b57\u7b26<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.5 \u8fc7\u6ee4\u51fd\u6570\u2014filter<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u51fd\u6570\u539f\u578b\uff1a<strong><code>$(filter PATTERN\u2026,TEXT)<\/code><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u51fd\u6570\u529f\u80fd\uff1a\u8fc7\u6ee4\u6389\u5b57\u4e32<code>TEXT<\/code>\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u6a21\u5f0f<code>PATTERN<\/code>\u7684\u5355\u8bcd\uff0c\u4fdd\u7559\u6240\u6709\u7b26\u5408\u6b64\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u5355\u8bcd\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u4e2a\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\u4e00\u822c\u9700\u8981\u5305\u542b\u6a21\u5f0f\u5b57\u7b26<code>%<\/code>\uff1b\u5b58\u5728\u591a\u4e2a\u6a21\u5f0f\u65f6\uff0c\u6a21\u5f0f\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u4e4b\u95f4\u4f7f\u7528\u7a7a\u683c\u5206\u5272<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u51fd\u6570\u8bf4\u660e\uff1a<code>filter<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u53bb\u9664\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u4e2d\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sources := foo.c bar.c baz.s ugh.h \n\nall :\n    $(info $(filter %.c %.s,$(sources)))\n# \u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u4e3a\uff1afoo.c bar.c baz.s<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.6 \u53cd\u8fc7\u6ee4\u51fd\u6570\u2014filter-out<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u51fd\u6570\u539f\u578b\uff1a<strong><code>$(filter-out PATTERN...,TEXT)<\/code><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u51fd\u6570\u529f\u80fd\uff1a\u548c<code>filter<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u76f8\u53cd\u3002\u8fc7\u6ee4\u6389\u5b57\u4e32<code>TEXT<\/code>\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u7b26\u5408\u6a21\u5f0f<code>PATTERN<\/code>\u7684\u5355\u8bcd\uff0c\u4fdd\u7559\u6240\u6709\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u6b64\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u5355\u8bcd\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u5b58\u5728\u591a\u4e2a\u6a21\u5f0f\u65f6\uff0c\u6a21\u5f0f\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u4e4b\u95f4\u4f7f\u7528\u7a7a\u683c\u5206\u5272<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\uff1a\u7a7a\u683c\u5206\u5272\u7684<code>TEXT<\/code>\u5b57\u4e32\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u6a21\u5f0f<code>PATTERN<\/code>\u7684\u5b57\u4e32<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u51fd\u6570\u8bf4\u660e\uff1a<code>filter-out\u51fd\u6570<\/code>\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u53bb\u9664\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u4e2d\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\uff08\u5b9e\u73b0\u548c<code>filter<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u76f8\u53cd\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sources := foo.c bar.c baz.s ugh.h \n\nall :\n    $(info $(filter-out %.c %.s,$(sources)))\n# \u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u4e3a\uff1augh.h<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.7 \u6392\u5e8f\u51fd\u6570\u2014sort<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u51fd\u6570\u539f\u578b\uff1a<strong><code>$(sort LIST)<\/code><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u51fd\u6570\u529f\u80fd\uff1a\u7ed9\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32<code>LIST<\/code>\u4e2d\u7684\u5355\u8bcd\u4ee5\u9996\u5b57\u6bcd\u4e3a\u51c6\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\uff08\u5347\u5e8f\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u53d6\u6389\u91cd\u590d\u7684\u5355\u8bcd<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\uff1a\u7a7a\u683c\u5206\u5272\u7684\u6ca1\u6709\u91cd\u590d\u5355\u8bcd\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u51fd\u6570\u8bf4\u660e\uff1a\u4e24\u4e2a\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u6392\u5e8f\u548c\u53bb\u5b57\u4e32\u4e2d\u7684\u91cd\u590d\u5355\u8bcd\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u5355\u72ec\u4f7f\u7528\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u529f\u80fd<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>$(sort foo bar lose foo)\n# \u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u4e3a\uff1abar foo lose<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.8 \u53d6\u5355\u8bcd\u51fd\u6570\u2014word<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u51fd\u6570\u539f\u578b\uff1a<strong><code>$(word N,TEXT)<\/code><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u51fd\u6570\u529f\u80fd\uff1a\u53d6\u5b57\u4e32<code>TEXT<\/code>\u4e2d\u7b2c<code>N<\/code>\u4e2a\u5355\u8bcd\uff08<code>N<\/code>\u7684\u503c\u4ece 1 \u5f00\u59cb\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\uff1a\u8fd4\u56de\u5b57\u4e32<code>TEXT<\/code>\u4e2d\u7b2c<code>N<\/code>\u4e2a\u5355\u8bcd<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u51fd\u6570\u8bf4\u660e\uff1a\u5982\u679c<code>N<\/code>\u503c\u5927\u4e8e\u5b57\u4e32<code>TEXT<\/code>\u4e2d\u5355\u8bcd\u7684\u6570\u76ee\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u7a7a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002\u5982\u679c<code>N<\/code>\u4e3a <code>0<\/code>\uff0c\u51fa\u9519<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>$(word 2, foo bar baz)\n# \u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u4e3a\uff1abar<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.9 \u53d6\u5b57\u4e32\u51fd\u6570\u2014wordlist<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u51fd\u6570\u539f\u578b\uff1a <strong><code>$(wordlist S,E,TEXT)<\/code><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u51fd\u6570\u529f\u80fd\uff1a\u4ece\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32<code>TEXT<\/code>\u4e2d\u53d6\u51fa\u4ece<code>S<\/code>\u5f00\u59cb\u5230<code>E<\/code>\u7684\u5355\u8bcd\u4e32\u3002<strong><code>S<\/code>\u548c<code>E<\/code>\u8868\u793a\u5355\u8bcd\u5728\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e2d\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u6570\u5b57<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\uff1a\u5b57\u4e32<code>TEXT<\/code>\u4e2d\u4ece\u7b2c<code>S<\/code>\u5230<code>E<\/code>\uff08\u5305\u62ec<code>E<\/code>\uff09\u7684\u5355\u8bcd\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u51fd\u6570\u8bf4\u660e\uff1a<code>S<\/code>\u548c<code>E<\/code>\u90fd\u662f\u4ece <code>1<\/code> \u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u6570\u5b57\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u5f53<code>S<\/code>\u6bd4<code>TEXT<\/code>\u4e2d\u957f\u5ea6\u5927\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u7a7a<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5982\u679c<code>E<\/code>\u5927\u4e8e<code>TEXT<\/code>\u957f\u5ea6\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u4ece<code>S<\/code>\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u5230<code>TEXT<\/code>\u7ed3\u675f\u7684\u5355\u8bcd\u4e32<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5982\u679c<code>S<\/code>\u5927\u4e8e<code>E<\/code>\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u7a7a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>$(wordlist 2, 3, foo bar baz)\n# \u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u4e3a\uff1abar baz<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.10 \u7edf\u8ba1\u5355\u8bcd\u6570\u76ee\u51fd\u6570\u2014words<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u51fd\u6570\u539f\u578b\uff1a<strong><code>$(words TEXT)<\/code><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u51fd\u6570\u529f\u80fd\uff1a\u5b57\u7b97\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32<code>TEXT<\/code>\u4e2d\u5355\u8bcd\u7684\u6570\u76ee<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\uff1a<code>TEXT<\/code>\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e2d\u7684\u5355\u8bcd\u6570<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sources := foo.c bar.c baz.s ugh.h \n\nall :\n    $(info $(words $(sources)))\n# \u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u4e3a\uff1a4<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.11 \u53d6\u9996\u5355\u8bcd\u51fd\u6570\u2014firstword<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u51fd\u6570\u539f\u578b\uff1a<strong><code>$(firstword NAMES\u2026)<\/code><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u51fd\u6570\u529f\u80fd\uff1a\u53d6\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32<code>NAMES\u2026<\/code>\u4e2d\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u8bcd<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\uff1a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32<code>NAMES\u2026<\/code>\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u8bcd<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u51fd\u6570\u8bf4\u660e\uff1a<code>NAMES<\/code>\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u7a7a\u683c\u5206\u5272\u7684\u591a\u4e2a\u5355\u8bcd\uff08\u540d\u5b57\uff09\u7684\u5e8f\u5217\u3002\u51fd\u6570\u5ffd\u7565<code>NAMES\u2026<\/code>\u4e2d\u9664\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u8bcd\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5355\u8bcd<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>$(firstword foo bar)\n# \u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u4e3a\uff1afoo<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. \u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u5904\u7406\u51fd\u6570<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.1 \u53d6\u76ee\u5f55\u51fd\u6570\u2014dir<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u51fd\u6570\u539f\u578b\uff1a<strong><code>$(dir NAMES\u2026)<\/code><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u51fd\u6570\u529f\u80fd\uff1a\u4ece\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u5e8f\u5217<code>NAMES\u2026<\/code>\u4e2d\u53d6\u51fa\u5404\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u5c06\u8def\u5f84\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e2d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u90e8\u5206\u53bb\u9664\uff0c\u53ea\u8fd4\u56de\u76ee\u5f55\u90e8\u5206<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u4f1a\u5c06\u8def\u5f84\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e2d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u90e8\u5206\u53bb\u9664\uff0c\u53ea\u8fd4\u56de\u76ee\u5f55\u90e8\u5206<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\uff1a\u7a7a\u683c\u5206\u5272\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u5e8f\u5217<code>NAMES\u2026<\/code>\u4e2d\u76ee\u5f55\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u659c\u7ebf<code>\/<\/code>\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u90e8\u5206\uff08\u5305\u542b\u659c\u7ebf<code>\/<\/code>\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u51fd\u6570\u8bf4\u660e\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u659c\u7ebf\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6b64\u6587\u4ef6\u4e3a\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55<code>.\/<\/code>\u4e0b\u7684\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>$(dir \/path\/to\/file.txt)\n# \u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u4e3a\uff1a\/path\/to\/<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.2 \u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u51fd\u6570\u2014notdir<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u51fd\u6570\u539f\u578b\uff1a <strong><code>$(notdir NAMES\u2026)<\/code><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u51fd\u6570\u529f\u80fd\uff1a\u4ece\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u5e8f\u5217<code>NAMES\u2026<\/code>\u4e2d\u53d6\u51fa\u975e\u76ee\u5f55\u90e8\u5206\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\uff1a\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u5e8f\u5217<code>NAMES\u2026<\/code>\u4e2d\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u975e\u76ee\u5f55\u90e8\u5206\uff1b\u975e\u76ee\u5f55\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u6307\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u659c\u7ebf<code>\/<\/code>\uff08\u4e0d\u5305\u62ec\u659c\u7ebf\uff09\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5220\u9664\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u4e2d\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u53ea\u4fdd\u7559\u975e\u76ee\u5f55\u90e8\u5206<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u51fd\u6570\u8bf4\u660e\uff1a\u5982\u679c<code>NAMES\u2026<\/code>\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u4e0d\u5305\u542b\u659c\u7ebf\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u6539\u53d8\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u3002\u4ee5\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\uff0c\u662f\u7528\u7a7a\u4e32\u4ee3\u66ff\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5f53<code>NAMES\u2026<\/code>\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u591a\u4e2a\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u7ed3\u679c\u4e2d\u5206\u5272\u5404\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u7684\u7a7a\u683c\u6570\u76ee\u5c06\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\uff01\u8fd9\u662f<strong>\u6b64\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f3a\u9677<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>$(dir \/path\/to\/file.txt)\n# \u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u4e3a\uff1a\/file.txt<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.3 \u53d6\u540e\u7f00\u51fd\u6570\u2014suffix<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u51fd\u6570\u539f\u578b\uff1a<strong><code>$(suffix NAMES\u2026)<\/code><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u51fd\u6570\u529f\u80fd\uff1a\u4ece\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u5e8f\u5217<code>NAMES\u2026<\/code>\u4e2d\u53d6\u51fa\u5404\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u7684\u540e\u7f00\u3002\u540e\u7f00\u662f\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u4e2d\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee5\u70b9<code>.<\/code>\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\uff08\u5305\u542b\u70b9\u53f7\uff09\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u4e2d\u4e0d\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u4e2a\u70b9\u53f7\uff0c\u5219\u4e3a\u7a7a<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\uff1a\u4ee5\u7a7a\u683c\u5206\u5272\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u5e8f\u5217<code>NAMES\u2026<\/code>\u4e2d\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u540e\u7f00\u5e8f\u5217<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u51fd\u6570\u8bf4\u660e\uff1a<code>NAMES\u2026<\/code>\u662f\u591a\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u662f\u591a\u4e2a\u4ee5\u7a7a\u683c\u5206\u5272\u7684\u5355\u8bcd\u5e8f\u5217\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u6ca1\u6709\u540e\u7f00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u7a7a<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>$(suffix src\/foo.c src-1.0\/bar.c)\n# \u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u4e3a\uff1a.c .c<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.4 \u53d6\u524d\u7f00\u51fd\u6570\u2014basename<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u51fd\u6570\u539f\u578b\uff1a<strong><code>$(basename NAMES\u2026)<\/code><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u4ece\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u5e8f\u5217<strong><code>NAMES\u2026<\/code><\/strong>\u4e2d\u53d6\u51fa\u5404\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u7684\u524d\u7f00\u90e8\u5206\uff08\u70b9\u53f7\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u90e8\u5206\uff09\u3002\u524d\u7f00\u90e8\u5206\u6307\u7684\u662f\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u4e2d\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u70b9\u53f7\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u90e8\u5206<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\uff1a\u7a7a\u683c\u5206\u5272\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u5e8f\u5217<strong><code>NAMES\u2026<\/code><\/strong>\u4e2d\u5404\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u524d\u7f00\u5e8f\u5217\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6587\u4ef6\u6ca1\u6709\u524d\u7f00\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u7a7a\u5b57\u4e32<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u51fd\u6570\u8bf4\u660e\uff1a\u5982\u679c<code>NAMES\u2026<\/code>\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u6ca1\u6709\u540e\u7f00\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\uff0c\u6b64\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u4e0d\u6539\u53d8\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u591a\u4e2a\u70b9\u53f7\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u4e3a\u6b64\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u70b9\u53f7\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u90e8\u5206<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>$(basename src\/foo.c src-1.0\/bar.c \/home\/jack\/.font.cache-1 hacks)\n# \u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u4e3a\uff1asrc\/foo src-1.0\/bar \/home\/jack\/.font<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.5 \u52a0\u540e\u7f00\u51fd\u6570\u2014addsuffix<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u51fd\u6570\u539f\u578b\uff1a<strong><code>$(addsuffix SUFFIX,NAMES\u2026)<\/code><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u51fd\u6570\u529f\u80fd\uff1a\u4e3a<code>NAMES\u2026<\/code>\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u6dfb\u52a0\u540e\u7f00<code>SUFFIX<\/code>\u3002\u53c2\u6570<code>NAMES\u2026<\/code>\u4e3a\u7a7a\u683c\u5206\u5272\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u5e8f\u5217\uff0c\u5c06<code>SUFFIX<\/code>\u8ffd\u52a0\u5230\u6b64\u5e8f\u5217\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u7684\u672b\u5c3e<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\uff1a\u4ee5\u5355\u7a7a\u683c\u5206\u5272\u7684\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e86\u540e\u7f00<code>\u201cSUFFIX\u201d<\/code>\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u5e8f\u5217<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>$(addsuffix .c,foo bar)\n# \u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u4e3a\uff1afoo.c bar.c<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.6 \u52a0\u524d\u7f00\u51fd\u6570\u2014addprefix<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u51fd\u6570\u539f\u578b\uff1a<strong><code>$(addprefix PREFIX,NAMES\u2026)<\/code><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u51fd\u6570\u529f\u80fd\uff1a\u4e3a<code>NAMES\u2026<\/code>\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u6dfb\u52a0\u524d\u7f00<code>PREFIX<\/code>\u3002\u53c2\u6570<code>NAMES\u2026<\/code>\u662f\u7a7a\u683c\u5206\u5272\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u5e8f\u5217\uff0c\u5c06<code>SUFFIX<\/code>\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u6b64\u5e8f\u5217\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u4e4b\u524d<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\uff1a\u4ee5\u5355\u7a7a\u683c\u5206\u5272\u7684\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e86\u524d\u7f00<code>\u201cPREFIX\u201d<\/code>\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u5e8f\u5217<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>$(addprefix src\/,foo bar)\n# \u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u4e3a\uff1asrc\/foo src\/bar<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.7 \u5355\u8bcd\u8fde\u63a5\u51fd\u6570\u2014join<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u51fd\u6570\u539f\u578b\uff1a<strong><code>$(join LIST1,LIST2)<\/code><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u51fd\u6570\u529f\u80fd\uff1a\u5c06\u5b57\u4e32<code>LIST1<\/code>\u548c\u5b57\u4e32<code>LIST2<\/code>\u5404\u5355\u8bcd\u8fdb\u884c\u5bf9\u5e94\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u5c31\u662f\u5c06<code>LIST2<\/code>\u4e2d\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u8bcd\u8ffd\u52a0<code>LIST1<\/code>\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u8bcd\u5b57\u540e\u5408\u5e76\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u8bcd\uff1b<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5c06<code>LIST2<\/code>\u4e2d\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u5355\u8bcd\u8ffd\u52a0\u5230<code>LIST1<\/code>\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u5355\u8bcd\u4e4b\u540e\u5e76\u5408\u5e76\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u8bcd\uff0c\u2026\u2026\u4f9d\u6b21\u5217\u63a8<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u51fd\u6570\u8bf4\u660e\uff1a\u5982\u679c<code>LIST1<\/code>\u548c<code>LIST2<\/code>\u4e2d\u7684\u5b57\u6570\u76ee\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u65f6\uff0c\u4e24\u8005\u4e2d\u591a\u4f59\u90e8\u5206\u5c06\u88ab\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8fd4\u56de\u5e8f\u5217\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u793a\u4f8b \uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>$(join a b, .c .o)\n# LIST1\u4e0eLIST2\u6570\u91cf\u76f8\u7b49\n# \u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u4e3a\uff1aa.c b.o\n\n$(join a b c, .c .o)\n# LIST1\u4e0eLIST2\u6570\u91cf\u4e0d\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u591a\u4f59\u90e8\u5206\u8fde\u63a5\u5728\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\n# \u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u4e3a\uff1aa.c b.o c<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.8 \u83b7\u53d6\u5339\u914d\u6a21\u5f0f\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u51fd\u6570\u2014wildcard<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u51fd\u6570\u539f\u578b\uff1a<strong><code>$(wildcard PATTERN)<\/code><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u51fd\u6570\u529f\u80fd\uff1a\u5217\u51fa\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u6240\u6709\u7b26\u5408\u6a21\u5f0f<code>PATTERN<\/code>\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\uff1a\u7a7a\u683c\u5206\u5272\u7684\u3001\u5b58\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u6240\u6709\u7b26\u5408\u6a21\u5f0f<code>PATTERN<\/code>\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u51fd\u6570\u8bf4\u660e\uff1a<code>PATTERN<\/code>\u4f7f\u7528<code>shell<\/code>\u53ef\u8bc6\u522b\u7684\u901a\u914d\u7b26\uff0c\u5305\u62ec<code>?<\/code>\uff08\u5355\u5b57\u7b26\uff09\u3001<code>*<\/code>\uff08\u591a\u5b57\u7b26\uff09\u7b49<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>$(wildcard *.c)\n# \u8fd4\u56de\u503cfoo.c bar.c\uff1b\u8fd4\u56de\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u6240\u6709.c\u6587\u4ef6\u5217\u8868<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.9 \u76f8\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84\u8f6c\u5316\u7edd\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84\u51fd\u6570\u2014abspath<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u51fd\u6570\u539f\u578b\uff1a<strong><code>$(abspath FILE_PATH)<\/code><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u51fd\u6570\u529f\u80fd\uff1a<code>FILE_PATH<\/code>\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u76f8\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u6216\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c<code>abspath\u51fd\u6570<\/code>\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u5c06<code>FILE_PATH<\/code>\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u7edd\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\uff1a\u8f6c\u5316\u540e\u7684\u7edd\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>name = ..\/openwrt\/COPYING\n\nall:\n    $(info $(abspath $(name)))      #COPYING\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u7edd\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. \u5176\u4ed6\u51fd\u6570<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.1 foreach \u51fd\u6570<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u51fd\u6570\u539f\u578b\uff1a<strong><code>$(foreach VAR,LIST,TEXT)<\/code><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u51fd\u6570\u529f\u80fd\uff1a\u51fd\u6570<code>foreach<\/code>\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8e\u5176\u5b83\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5faa\u73af\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e<code>Linux<\/code>\u7684<code>shell<\/code>\u4e2d\u7684<code>for<\/code>\u8bed\u53e5<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u51fd\u6570\u6267\u884c\u6d41\u7a0b\uff1a\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u5c55\u5f00\u53d8\u91cf<code>VAR<\/code>\u548c<code>LIST<\/code>\u7684\u5f15\u7528\uff0c\u800c\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f<code>TEXT<\/code>\u4e2d\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u5f15\u7528\u4e0d\u5c55\u5f00\uff1b<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5c06<code>LIST<\/code>\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u7a7a\u683c\u5206\u5272\u7684\u5355\u8bcd\u4f9d\u6b21\u53d6\u51fa\u8d4b\u503c\u7ed9\u53d8\u91cf<code>VAR<\/code>\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u6267\u884c<code>TEXT<\/code>\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\uff0c\u91cd\u590d\u76f4\u5230<code>LIST<\/code>\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u8bcd\uff08\u4e3a\u7a7a\u65f6\u7ed3\u675f\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><code>TEXT<\/code>\u4e2d\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u6216\u8005\u51fd\u6570\u5f15\u7528\u5728\u6267\u884c\u65f6\u624d\u88ab\u5c55\u5f00\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5982\u679c\u5728<code>TEXT<\/code>\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u5bf9<code>VAR<\/code>\u7684\u5f15\u7528\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48<code>VAR<\/code>\u7684\u503c\u5728\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b21\u5c55\u5f00\u5f0f\u5c06\u4f1a\u5230\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u503c<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\uff1a\u7a7a\u683c\u5206\u5272\u7684\u591a\u6b21\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f<code>TEXT<\/code>\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u7ed3\u679c<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>dirs := a b c d \nfiles := $(foreach dir, $(dirs), $(dir)\/)\n# \u8fd4\u56de\u503c\uff1aa\/  b\/  c\/  d\/<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\u7684<code>TEXT<\/code>\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u4e3a <code>$(dir)\/<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u6267\u884c\u65f6\u5c06\u5c55\u5f00\u4e3a<code>a\/<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u6267\u884c\u65f6\u5c06\u5c55\u5f00\u4e3a<code>b\/<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u6267\u884c\u65f6\u5c06\u5c55\u5f00\u4e3a<code>c\/<\/code>\u4ee5\u6b64\u7c7b\u63a8<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code># \u6240\u4ee5\u6b64\u51fd\u6570\u6240\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u5c31\u548c\u4e00\u4e0b\u8bed\u53e5\u7b49\u4ef7\nfiles := a\/ b\/ c\/ d\/<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.2 if\u51fd\u6570<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u51fd\u6570\u539f\u578b\uff1a<strong><code>$(if CONDITION,THEN-PART[,ELSE-PART])<\/code><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u51fd\u6570\u529f\u80fd\uff1a\u5982\u679c<code>CONDITION<\/code>\u7684\u5c55\u5f00\u7ed3\u679c\u975e\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u6761\u4ef6\u4e3a\u771f\uff0c\u5c31\u5c06\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570<code>THEN_PATR<\/code>\u4f5c\u4e3a\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\uff1b<code>CONDITION<\/code>\u7684\u5c55\u5f00\u7ed3\u679c\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5c06\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570<code>ELSE-PART<\/code>\u4f5c\u4e3a\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\uff0c\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u8fd4\u56de\u7ed3\u679c\u4e3a\u6709\u6548\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u7ed3\u679c<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u51fd\u6570\u8bf4\u660e\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570<code>CONDITION<\/code>\uff0c\u5728\u51fd\u6570\u6267\u884c\u65f6\u5ffd\u7565\u5176\u524d\u5bfc\u548c\u7ed3\u5c3e\u7a7a\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5305\u542b\u5bf9\u5176\u4ed6\u53d8\u91cf\u6216\u8005\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u5219\u8fdb\u884c\u5c55\u5f00<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\uff1a\u6839\u636e\u6761\u4ef6\u51b3\u5b9a\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u8005\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u5f53\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570<code>ELSE-PART<\/code>\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14<code>CONDITION<\/code>\u5c55\u5f00\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u51fd\u6570\u8fd4\u56de\u7a7a<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code># \u5f53SRC_DIR\u503c\u4e0d\u4e3a\u7a7a\u65f6\u8fd4\u56de \/home\/src\u5426\u5219\u8fd4\u56de$(SRC_DIR)\nSRC_DIR = a\nSUBDIR = $(if $(SRC_DIR), $(SRC_DIR), \/home\/src)<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.3 call\u51fd\u6570<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><code>call<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u4ee5\u521b\u5efa\u5b9a\u5236\u5316\u53c2\u6570\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u5bf9\u7528\u6237\u81ea\u5df1\u5b9a\u4e49\u51fd\u6570\u5f15\u7528\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u590d\u6742\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\uff0c\u7528<code>call<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u6839\u636e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u5bf9\u5b83\u8fdb\u884c\u5c55\u5f00\u6765\u83b7\u5f97\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7ed3\u679c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u51fd\u6570\u539f\u578b\uff1a<strong><code>$(call VARIABLE,PARAM,PARAM,...)<\/code><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u51fd\u6570\u529f\u80fd\uff1a\u6267\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u5c06\u6bcf\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570<code>PARAM<\/code>\u4f9d\u6b21\u8d4b\u503c\u7ed9\u4e34\u65f6\u53d8\u91cf<code>$(1)<\/code>\u3001<code>$(2)<\/code><strong>\uff08\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e34\u65f6\u53d8\u91cf\u5b9a\u4e49\u5728\u201cVARIABLE\u201d\u7684\u503c\u4e2d\uff09<\/strong>\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u65f6\u53d8\u91cf<code>VARIABLE<\/code>\u88ab\u5c55\u5f00\uff0c\u53d8\u91cf\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e2d\u7684<code>$(1)<\/code>\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u51fd\u6570\u53c2\u6570\u503c\u4e2d\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u8d4b\u503c\u7ed9\u5b83\uff1b\u53d8\u91cf\u4e2d\u7684<code>$(2)<\/code>\u4e00\u6837\u88ab\u8d4b\u503c\u4e3a\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u503c\uff1b\u4f9d\u6b64\u7c7b\u63a8\uff08\u53d8\u91cf<code>$(0)<\/code>\u4ee3\u8868\u53d8\u91cf<code>VARIABLE<\/code>\u672c\u8eab\uff09\u4e4b\u540e\u5bf9\u53d8\u91cf<code>VARIABLE<\/code> \u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u503c<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u51fd\u6570\u8bf4\u660e\uff1a\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d<code>VARIBLE<\/code>\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u53d8\u91cf\u5f15\u7528\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u901a\u5e38<code>call<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\u7684<code>VARIABLE<\/code>\u4e2d\u5305\u542b<code>$<\/code>\uff08\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u6b64\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5f53\u53d8\u91cf<code>VARIBLE<\/code>\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a <code>make<\/code> \u5185\u5d4c\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u540d\u65f6\uff08\u5982<code>if<\/code>\u3001<code>foreach<\/code>\u3001<code>strip<\/code>\u7b49\uff09\uff0c\u5bf9<code>PARAM<\/code>\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e0d\u5408\u9002\u6216\u8005\u4e0d\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u5c06\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u96be\u4ee5\u9884\u6599\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\u591a\u4e2a<code>PARAM<\/code>\u4e4b\u95f4\u4f7f\u7528\u9017\u53f7\u5206\u5272<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5f53<code>call<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u6267\u884c\u6ca1\u6709\u53d8\u91cf\u63a5\u6536\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u65f6\uff0c<code>VARIBLE<\/code>\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u4f1a\u5728\u51fd\u6570\u8c03\u7528\u65f6\u6267\u884c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6709\u53d8\u91cf\u63a5\u6536<code>call<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u5219<code>VARIBLE<\/code>\u5728\u53d8\u91cf\u8c03\u7528\u65f6\u6267\u884c\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u4f7f\u7528<code>eval<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u65f6\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528<code>define<\/code>\u5b9a\u4e49\u53d8\u91cf\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528<code>call<\/code>\u8c03\u7528\uff0c<code>define<\/code>\u4e2d\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u4e0d\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528\u8d4b\u503c\u8bed\u53e5\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528eval\u51fd\u6570\u6267\u884c<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\uff1a\u53c2\u6570\u503c<code>PARAM<\/code>\u4f9d\u6b21\u66ff\u6362<code>$(1)<\/code>\u3001<code>$(2)<\/code>\u2026\u2026 \u4e4b\u540e\u53d8\u91cf<code>VARIABLE<\/code>\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u503c<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>reverse = $(2) $(1) \n# foo\u4e2d\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u7684\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u4e3a\u5df2\u7ecf\u66ff\u6362\u8fc7\u7684reverse\u503c\nfoo = $(call reverse, a, b)\n\nall :\n    $(info $(foo))        #b a<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.4 value\u51fd\u6570<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u51fd\u6570\u539f\u578b\uff1a<strong><code>$(value VARIABLE)<\/code><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u51fd\u6570\u529f\u80fd\uff1a\u4e0d\u5bf9\u53d8\u91cf<code>VARIBLE<\/code>\u8fdb\u884c\u4efb\u4f55\u5c55\u5f00\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\u53d8\u91cf<code>VARIBALE<\/code>\u7684\u503c\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc<code>VARIABLE<\/code>\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u4e0d\u5305\u542b<code>$<\/code>\uff08\u9664\u975e\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\uff1a\u53d8\u91cf<code>VARIBALE<\/code>\u6240\u5b9a\u4e49\u6587\u672c\u503c\uff08\u5982\u679c\u53d8\u91cf\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u9012\u5f52\u5c55\u5f00\u5f0f\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u5bf9\u5176\u4ed6\u53d8\u91cf\u6216\u8005\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u5f15\u7528\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u51fd\u6570\u4e0d\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5f15\u7528\u8fdb\u884c\u5c55\u5f00\uff0c\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u662f\u5305\u542b\u6709\u5f15\u7528\u503c\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u51fd\u6570\u8bf4\u660e\uff1a<code>value<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u901a\u5e38\u4e0e<code>eval<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u4e00\u8d77\u4f7f\u7528<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>FOO = $PATH \n\nall: \n@echo $(FOO)                   #ATH\n@echo $(value FOO)             #\u5f53\u524d\u7cfb\u7edf\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u201cPATH\u201d\u7684\u503c<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.5 eval\u51fd\u6570<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u51fd\u6570<code>eval<\/code>\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6bd4\u8f83\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728<code>makefile<\/code>\u4e2d\u6784\u9020\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u53d8\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u7ed3\u6784\u5173\u7cfb\uff08\u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb\u94fe\uff09\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5176\u5b83\u53d8\u91cf\u548c\u51fd\u6570\uff1b\u51fd\u6570<code>eval<\/code>\u5bf9\u5b83\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u8fdb\u884c\u5c55\u5f00\uff0c\u5c55\u5f00\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u4f5c\u4e3a<code>makefile<\/code>\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c<code>make<\/code>\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u5c55\u5f00\u5185\u5bb9\u8fdb\u884c\u8bed\u6cd5\u89e3\u6790\u3002\u5c55\u5f00\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u53d8\u91cf\u3001\u76ee\u6807\u3001\u9690\u542b\u89c4\u5219\u6216\u8005\u662f\u660e\u786e\u89c4\u5219\u7b49<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u51fd\u6570\u529f\u80fd\uff1a\u6839\u636e\u5176\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3001\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5bf9\u5b83\u4eec\u8fdb\u884c\u66ff\u6362\u5c55\u5f00<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u51fd\u6570\u8bf4\u660e\uff1a<code>eval<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u6267\u884c\u65f6\u4f1a\u5bf9\u5b83\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u8fdb\u884c\u4e24\u6b21\u5c55\u5f00\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u5c55\u5f00\u8fc7\u7a0b\u53d1\u662f\u7531\u51fd\u6570\u672c\u8eab\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u662f\u51fd\u6570\u5c55\u5f00\u540e\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u88ab\u4f5c\u4e3a<code>makefile<\/code>\u5185\u5bb9\u65f6\u7531<code>make<\/code>\u89e3\u6790\u65f6\u5c55\u5f00\u7684<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5b9e\u9645\u4f7f\u7528\u65f6\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5728\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u5c55\u5f00\u7ed3\u679c\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u5f15\u7528\uff08\u683c\u5f0f\u4e3a\uff1a<code>$(x)<\/code>\uff09\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5728\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u5e94\u8be5\u7528<code>$$<\/code>\u6765\u4ee3\u66ff<code>$<\/code>\uff09\u6240\u4ee5\u6240\u4ee5\u901a\u5e38\u5b83\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528<code>value<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u53d6\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u6587\u672c\u503c<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><code>eval\u51fd\u6570<\/code>\u901a\u5e38\u4e0e<code>call\u51fd\u6570<\/code>\u4e00\u8d77\u4f7f\u7528<\/strong>\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u6267\u884c<code>call<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u8fd4\u56de\u503c<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\uff1a\u51fd\u6570<code>eval<\/code>\u7684\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u4e3a\u7a7a<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>define foo \nvar := 123\narg := $1\nendef \n\n# \u5f53\u4f7f\u7528eval\u51fd\u6570\u65f6\uff0cfoo\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u5c06\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u4e0d\u6267\u884c\n$(eval $(call foo, pointer))\n\nall:\n    @echo var: $(var), arg: $(arg)\n# \u5f53eval\u51fd\u6570\u88ab\u6ce8\u91ca\u65f6\u7ed3\u679c\u4e3a\uff1avar: , arg:\n# \u5f53eval\u51fd\u6570\u88ab\u6267\u884c\u65f6\u7ed3\u679c\u4e3a\uff1avar: 123, arg: pointer\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.6 origin\u51fd\u6570<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u51fd\u6570<code>origin<\/code>\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u51fd\u6570\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u51fd\u6570<code>origin<\/code>\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\u4e0d\u662f\u64cd\u4f5c\u53d8\u91cf\uff08\u5b83\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff09\u3002\u5b83\u53ea\u662f\u83b7\u53d6\u6b64\u53d8\u91cf\uff08\u53c2\u6570\uff09\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\u4eec\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u51fa\u5904\uff08\u5b9a\u4e49\u65b9\u5f0f\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u51fd\u6570\u539f\u578b\uff1a<strong><code>$(origin VARIABLE)<\/code><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u51fd\u6570\u529f\u80fd\uff1a\u67e5\u8be2\u53c2\u6570<code>VARIABLE<\/code>\uff08\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\uff09\u7684\u51fa\u5904<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u51fd\u6570\u8bf4\u660e\uff1a<code>VARIABLE<\/code>\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u901a\u5e38\u5b83\u4e0d\u5305\u542b<code>$<\/code>\uff08\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\u4f8b\u5916\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\uff1a\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong><code>undefined<\/code><\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u53d8\u91cf<code>VARIABLE<\/code>\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u5b9a\u4e49<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><code>default<\/code><\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u53d8\u91cf<code>VARIABLE<\/code>\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9ed8\u8ba4\u5b9a\u4e49\uff08\u5185\u5d4c\u53d8\u91cf\uff09\u3002\u5982<code>CC<\/code>\u3001<code>MAKE<\/code>\u3001<code>RM<\/code>\u7b49\u53d8\u91cf<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><code>environment<\/code><\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u53d8\u91cf<code>VARIABLE<\/code>\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14<code>make<\/code>\u6ca1\u6709\u4f7f\u7528\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u9009\u9879<code>-e<\/code>\uff08\u542f\u7528\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u8986\u76d6\u529f\u80fd\uff09<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><code>environment override<\/code><\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u53d8\u91cf<code>VARIABLE<\/code>\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14<code>make<\/code>\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u9009\u9879<code>-e<\/code>\uff08\u542f\u7528\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u8986\u76d6\u529f\u80fd\uff09<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><code>file<\/code><\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u53d8\u91cf<code>VARIABLE<\/code>\u5728\u67d0\u4e00\u4e2a <code>makefile<\/code> \u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><code>command line<\/code><\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u53d8\u91cf<code>VARIABLE<\/code>\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><code>override<\/code><\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u53d8\u91cf<code>VARIABLE<\/code>\u5728 <code>makefile<\/code> \u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528<code>override<\/code>\u6307\u793a\u7b26\u58f0\u660e<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><code>automatic<\/code><\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u53d8\u91cf<code>VARIABLE<\/code>\u662f\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u53d8\u91cf<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.7 shell\u51fd\u6570<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u51fd\u6570\u539f\u578b\uff1a<strong><code>$(shell parameter)<\/code><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u51fd\u6570\u529f\u80fd\uff1a\u6267\u884c\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684<code>shell<\/code>\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u6267\u884c\u7ed3\u679c<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\uff1a\u51fd\u6570<code>shell<\/code>\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff08\u4e00\u4e2a<code>shell<\/code>\u547d\u4ee4\uff09\u5728 <code>shell<\/code> \u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u7684\u6267\u884c\u7ed3\u679c<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u51fd\u6570\u8bf4\u660e\uff1a<code>make<\/code>\u4ec5\u4ec5\u5bf9\u5b83\u7684\u56de\u8fd4\u7ed3\u679c\u8fdb\u884c\u5904\u7406\uff1b<code>make<\/code>\u5c06\u51fd\u6570\u8fd4\u56de\u7ed3\u679c\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6362\u884c\u7b26<code>\\n<\/code>\u6216\u8005\u4e00\u5bf9<code>\\n\\r<\/code>\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u5355\u7a7a\u683c\uff1b\u5e76\u53bb\u6389\u672b\u5c3e\u7684\u56de\u8f66\u7b26\u53f7<code>\\n<\/code>\u6216\u8005<code>\\n\\r<\/code>\u3002\u8fdb\u884c\u51fd\u6570\u5c55\u5f00\u5f0f\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u6240\u8c03\u7528\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\uff08\u5b83\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff09\u5f97\u5230\u6267\u884c<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>$(shell pwd)           #\u5f53\u524d\u8def\u5f84<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. \u6d41\u7a0b\u63a7\u5236\u8bed\u53e5<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u9700\u8981\u7279\u522b\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u65f6\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\u5185\u4f7f\u7528\u65f6\uff0c\u524d\u9762\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709<code>[tab]<\/code>\u7b26\u53f7\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u4f1a\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f<code>shell<\/code>\u8bed\u53e5\uff1b\u76f8\u5173\u8bed\u53e5\u4f1a\u4f20\u7ed9shell\u89e3\u91ca\u5668\u4f7f\u7528<code>shell<\/code>\u8bed\u6cd5\u89e3\u6790\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u62a5\u9519<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5.1 ifeq\u51fd\u6570<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u5224\u65ad\u53c2\u6570\u662f\u5426\u4e0d\u76f8\u7b49\uff1b\u76f8\u7b49\u4e3a<code>true<\/code>\uff0c\u4e0d\u76f8\u7b49\u4e3a<code>false<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>ifeq ($(a), $(b))\n    @echo \"a = b\"\nelse\n    @echo \"a != b\"\nendif<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5.2 ifneq\u51fd\u6570<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u5224\u65ad\u53c2\u6570\u662f\u5426\u4e0d\u76f8\u7b49\uff1b\u4e0d\u76f8\u7b49\u4e3a<code>true<\/code>\uff0c\u76f8\u7b49\u4e3a<code>false<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>ifneq ($(a), $(b))\n    @echo \"a = b\"\nelse\n    @echo \"a != b\"\nendif<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5.3 ifdef\u51fd\u6570<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u5224\u65ad\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff1b\u6709\u503c\u4e3a<code>true<\/code>\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u503c\u4e3a<code>false<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>ifdef v\n    @echo \"a = b\"\nelse\n    @echo \"a != b\"\nendif<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5.4 ifndef\u51fd\u6570<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u5224\u65ad\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff1b\u6ca1\u6709\u503c\u4e3a<code>true<\/code>\uff0c\u6709\u503c\u4e3a<code>false<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>ifndef v\n    @echo \"a = b\"\nelse\n    @echo \"a != b\"\nendif<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6. \u7279\u6b8a\u53d8\u91cf<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>makefile<\/code>\u4e2d\u5185\u7f6e\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u5de7\u5999\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u4ed6\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u6781\u5927\u7684\u63d0\u5347\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u6548\u7387<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6.1 \u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6.1.1 MAKEFILES\u53d8\u91cf<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>MAKEFILES<\/code> \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u6b8a\u7684<code>makefile<\/code>\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u5728<code>makefile<\/code>\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u6307\u5b9a\u5176\u4ed6\u8981\u5305\u542b\u7684<code>makefile<\/code>\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6.1.2 MAKEFILES_LIST\u53d8\u91cf<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u5728<code>makefile<\/code>\u4e2d\uff0c<code>MAKEFILES_LIST<\/code> \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u5b83\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u5f53\u524d\u6784\u5efa\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u88ab\u5305\u542b\u7684<code>makefile<\/code>\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5217\u8868\u3002<code>MAKEFILES_LIST<\/code> \u53d8\u91cf\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ea\u8bfb\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u5b83\u6309\u7167 <code>makefile<\/code> \u6587\u4ef6\u88ab\u5305\u542b\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u5b58\u50a8\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u8def\u5f84<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6.1.3 VPATH\u53d8\u91cf<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>VPATH<\/code> \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u6b8a\u7684<code>makefile<\/code>\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u6307\u5b9a\u5728\u6784\u5efa\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u641c\u7d22\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c<code>make<\/code>\u5de5\u5177\u4f1a\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u641c\u7d22\u4f9d\u8d56\u9879\u4e2d\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\u53ef\u80fd\u4f4d\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed6\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u65f6\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 <code>VPATH<\/code> \u53d8\u91cf\u6765\u544a\u8bc9<code>make<\/code>\u5de5\u5177\u5728\u6307\u5b9a\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u641c\u7d22\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>VPATH = .\/src\n\ntest : main.c\n    gcc -o $@ $&lt;\n\n# \u6587\u4ef6\u76ee\u5f55\u7ed3\u6784\u5982\u4e0b\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 src\n\u2502   \u2514\u2500\u2500 main.c<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6.1.4 SHELL\u53d8\u91cf<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>SHELL<\/code> \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u6307\u5b9a\u5728\u8fd0\u884c<code>makefile<\/code>\u89c4\u5219\u4e2d\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528\u7684<code>shell<\/code>\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u5728<code>makefile<\/code>\u4e2d\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c<code>SHELL<\/code> \u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\u4e3a <code>\/bin\/sh<\/code>\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u4f7f\u7528\u6807\u51c6\u7684<code>Bourne shell<\/code>\u6216\u517c\u5bb9\u7684<code>shell<\/code>\u89e3\u6790\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6.1.5 MAKE_SHELL\u53d8\u91cf<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>MAKE_SHELL<\/code>\u7528\u4e8e\u6307\u5b9a\u5728\u8fd0\u884c makefile \u89c4\u5219\u4e2d\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528\u7684 shell \u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8bbe\u7f6e <code>MAKE_SHELL<\/code> \u53d8\u91cf\u6765\u6307\u5b9a\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u7684<code>shell<\/code>\u89e3\u91ca\u5668\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 <code>Bash shell<\/code>\u6765\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06 <code>MAKE_SHELL<\/code>\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a <code>\/bin\/bash<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6.1.6 MAKE\u53d8\u91cf<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>MAKE<\/code>\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9884\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u5728<code>makefile<\/code>\u4e2d\u8868\u793a\u6b63\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u7684<code>make<\/code>\u5de5\u5177\u7684\u540d\u79f0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>MAKE<\/code>\u540e\u53ef\u4ee5\u643a\u5e26\u540e\u7f00\u5df2\u8fbe\u5230\u8c03\u7528\u5176\u4ed6\u6548\u679c\uff0c\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u5c31\u662f<code>$(MAKE) -C<\/code> \u7684\u610f\u601d\u662f\u8c03\u7528make\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5e76\u5207\u6362\u5230\u6307\u5b9a\u8def\u5f84\u4e0b\u6267\u884c<code>makefile<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code># \u4f7f\u7528make\u6267\u884cpath\/to\/other\/directory\u6587\u4ef6\nall:\n    $(MAKE) -C path\/to\/other\/directory<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6.1.7 MAKELEVEL\u53d8\u91cf<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>MAKELEVEL<\/code>\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9884\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684<code>makefile<\/code>\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8868\u793a\u5f53\u524d<code>make<\/code>\u7684\u9012\u5f52\u5c42\u7ea7\u3002\u5728<code>make<\/code>\u7684\u9012\u5f52\u6784\u5efa\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f53\u8fdb\u884c\u5d4c\u5957\u8c03\u7528\u65f6\uff0c\u6bcf\u6b21\u8c03\u7528\u90fd\u4f1a\u9012\u589e <code>MAKELEVEL<\/code>\u7684\u503c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u503c\u6700\u521d\u4e3a<code>0<\/code>\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u6700\u5916\u5c42\u7684<code>makefile<\/code>\u3002\u6bcf\u5f53\u8fdb\u884c\u4e00\u6b21\u5d4c\u5957\u8c03\u7528\u65f6\uff0c<code>MAKELEVEL<\/code> \u7684\u503c\u5c31\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6.1.8 MAKEFLAGS\u53d8\u91cf<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>MAKEFLAGS<\/code> \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9884\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684<code>makefile<\/code> \u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u6307\u5b9a<code>make<\/code>\u5de5\u5177\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u548c\u6807\u5fd7\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6267\u884c\u603b\u63a7 <code>makefile<\/code> \u65f6\uff0c<code>make<\/code> \u547d\u4ee4\u5e26\u6709\u53c2\u6570\u6216\u8005\u5728\u4e0a\u5c42\u7684 <code>makefile<\/code> \u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48 <code>MAKEFLAGS<\/code> \u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\u5c06\u4f1a\u662f <code>make<\/code> \u547d\u4ee4\u4f20\u9012\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4f1a\u4f20\u9012\u5230\u4e0b\u5c42\u7684 <code>makefile<\/code> \u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ea7\u522b\u7684\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6.1.9 MAKECMDGOALS\u53d8\u91cf<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>MAKECMDGOALS<\/code> \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9884\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684<code>makefile<\/code>\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8868\u793a\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u4e2d\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u5217\u8868\u3002\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u5f53\u4f60\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u4e2d\u8fd0\u884c <code>make<\/code> \u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5e76\u6307\u5b9a\u8981\u6784\u5efa\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u5217\u8868\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u76ee\u6807\u4f1a\u88ab\u5b58\u50a8\u5728 <code>MAKECMDGOALS<\/code> \u53d8\u91cf\u4e2d\u3002<code>MAKECMDGOALS<\/code> \u7684\u503c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee5\u7a7a\u683c\u5206\u9694\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u5217\u8868<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>all:\n    $(info $(MAKECMDGOALS))\n\n# \u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u4e2d\u8fd0\u884c make target1 target2 \u65f6\uff0c\u6253\u5370target1 target2<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6.1.10 CURDIR\u53d8\u91cf<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>CURDIR<\/code> \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9884\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684<code>makefile<\/code>\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8868\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u5de5\u4f5c\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u3002\u5728<code>makefile<\/code>\u4e2d\uff0c<code>CURDIR<\/code> \u53d8\u91cf\u4f1a\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u6267\u884c<code>make<\/code>\u547d\u4ee4\u65f6\u6240\u5728\u7684\u5f53\u524d\u5de5\u4f5c\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u7edd\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6.1.11 TOPDIR\u53d8\u91cf<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>TOPDIR<\/code>\u8868\u793a\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u9876\u7ea7\u76ee\u5f55\u8def\u5f84\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u6784\u5efa\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84\u3001\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84\u7b49\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>CURDIR<\/code>\u8868\u793a\u5f53\u524d<code>makefile<\/code>\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u76ee\u5f55\u8def\u5f84\u3002\u5f53\u524d<code>makefile<\/code>\u6307\u7684\u662f\u6b63\u5728\u6267\u884c\u7684<code>makefile<\/code>\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6240\u5728\u76ee\u5f55\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\u901a\u5e38\u7531<code>makefile<\/code>\u89e3\u6790\u65f6\u81ea\u52a8\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u5728\u5305\u542b\u5176\u4ed6<code>makefile<\/code>\u65f6\uff0c<code>CURDIR<\/code>\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u6539\u53d8<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6.2 \u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u53d8\u91cf<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6.2.1 $@\u53d8\u91cf<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>$@<\/code> \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5728<code>makefile<\/code>\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u5b83\u8868\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u76ee\u6807\uff08<code>target<\/code>\uff09<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>test : main.c\n    gcc -o $@ $&lt;        # $@\u662ftest<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6.2.2 $&lt;\u53d8\u91cf<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u5728<code>makefile<\/code>\u4e2d\uff0c<code>$&lt;<\/code> \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u5b83\u8868\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f9d\u8d56\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>test : main.c\n \u00a0 \u00a0gcc -o $@ $&lt; \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 # $&lt;\u662fmain.c<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6.2.3 $?\u53d8\u91cf<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u5728<code>makefile<\/code>\u4e2d\uff0c<code>$?<\/code> \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u5b83\u8868\u793a\u6bd4\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6\u66f4\u65b0\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4f9d\u8d56\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u4ee5\u7a7a\u683c\u5206\u9694\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u6587\u4ef6\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\u65f6\uff0c<code>make<\/code>\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u4f1a\u6bd4\u8f83\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u4f9d\u8d56\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6233\u6765\u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u9700\u8981\u91cd\u65b0\u751f\u6210\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u5982\u679c\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6233\u65e9\u4e8e\u5176\u4e2d\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f9d\u8d56\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6233\uff0c\u5219\u8bf4\u660e\u4f9d\u8d56\u6587\u4ef6\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u66f4\u65b0\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6 <code>$?<\/code> \u4f1a\u88ab\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u53d1\u751f\u66f4\u65b0\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5217\u8868<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528 <code>$?<\/code>\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u4e2d\u5f15\u7528\u53d1\u751f\u66f4\u65b0\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u53ea\u91cd\u65b0\u751f\u6210\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u65b0\u7684\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u6784\u5efa\u7684\u6548\u7387<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>all: program\n\nprogram: main.o utils.o\n    gcc -o $@ $?\n\nmain.o: main.c\n    gcc -c $&lt; -o $@\n\nutils.o: utils.c\n    gcc -c $&lt; -o $@<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6.2.4 $^\u53d8\u91cf<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u5728<code>makefile<\/code>\u4e2d\uff0c<code>$^<\/code> \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u5b83\u8868\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4f9d\u8d56\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u4ee5\u7a7a\u683c\u5206\u9694<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6.2.5 $+\u53d8\u91cf<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u5728<code>makefile<\/code>\u4e2d\uff0c<code>$+<\/code> \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u5b83\u4e0e <code>$^<\/code> \u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4f9d\u8d56\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u4ee5\u7a7a\u683c\u5206\u9694\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u4e0e <code>$^<\/code> \u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u662f\uff0c<code>$+<\/code> \u4fdd\u7559\u4e86\u4f9d\u8d56\u6587\u4ef6\u5728<code>makefile<\/code>\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5b83\u4f1a\u6309\u7167\u4f60\u5728\u89c4\u5219\u4e2d\u5199\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u5217\u51fa\u4f9d\u8d56\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u8003\u8651\u4f9d\u8d56\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u91cd\u590d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6.2.6 $(@D)\u53d8\u91cf<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u5728<code>makefile<\/code>\u4e2d\uff0c<code>$(@D)<\/code> \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u90e8\u5206<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6.2.7 $(@F)\u53d8\u91cf<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u5728<code>makefile<\/code>\u4e2d\uff0c<code>$(@F)<\/code> \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u90e8\u5206\uff08\u4e0d\u5305\u542b\u76ee\u5f55\uff09<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6.2.8 $(&lt;D)\u53d8\u91cf<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u5728<code>makefile<\/code>\u4e2d\uff0c<code>$(&lt;D)<\/code> \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f9d\u8d56\u6587\u4ef6\uff08\u8f93\u5165\u6587\u4ef6\uff09\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u90e8\u5206<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6.2.9 $(&lt;F)\u53d8\u91cf<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u5728<code>makefile<\/code>\u4e2d\uff0c<code>$(&lt;F)<\/code> \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f9d\u8d56\u6587\u4ef6\uff08\u8f93\u5165\u6587\u4ef6\uff09\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u90e8\u5206<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6.2.10 $(?D)\u53d8\u91cf<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u5728<code>makefile<\/code>\u4e2d\uff0c<code>$(?D)<\/code> \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8868\u793a\u6240\u6709\u5df2\u4fee\u6539\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u90e8\u5206<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6.2.11 $(?F)\u53d8\u91cf<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u5728<code>makefile<\/code>\u4e2d\uff0c <code>$(?F)<\/code>\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u7528\u6765\u8868\u793a\u6240\u6709\u5df2\u4fee\u6539\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u90e8\u5206<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>1. \u51fd\u6570\u7684\u8c03\u7528\u8bed\u6cd5 2. \u6587\u672c\u5904\u7406\u51fd\u6570 2.1 \u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u66ff\u6362\u51fd\u6570\u2014subst 2.2 \u6a21\u5f0f\u66ff\u6362\u51fd\u6570\u2014patsu [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_import_markdown_pro_load_document_selector":0,"_import_markdown_pro_submit_text_textarea":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-49","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-learning-programming-languages"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.garfield-blog.top\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.garfield-blog.top\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.garfield-blog.top\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.garfield-blog.top\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.garfield-blog.top\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=49"}],"version-history":[{"count":11,"href":"https:\/\/www.garfield-blog.top\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":110,"href":"https:\/\/www.garfield-blog.top\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49\/revisions\/110"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.garfield-blog.top\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=49"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.garfield-blog.top\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=49"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.garfield-blog.top\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=49"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}