{"id":44,"date":"2025-10-14T14:25:41","date_gmt":"2025-10-14T06:25:41","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/47.99.178.170\/?p=44"},"modified":"2025-10-14T14:28:08","modified_gmt":"2025-10-14T06:28:08","slug":"gnu-make","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.garfield-blog.top\/?p=44","title":{"rendered":"\u3010\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u4e60\u3011GNU make (1)\u57fa\u7840\u8bed\u6cd5"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u6863<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1.\u300aGNU make\u4e2d\u6587\u624b\u518c\u300b \u6574\u7406\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff1a\u5f90\u6d77\u5175<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2.\u300a\u8ddf\u6211\u4e00\u8d77\u5199Makefile\u300b \u4f5c\u8005\uff1a\u9648\u7693<br>\u7b14\u8005\u6ce8\uff1a\u6b64\u6587\u4ec5\u6d89\u53caGNU make<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. \u6982\u8ff0<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>make<\/code>\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5728\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5f00\u53d1\u4e2d\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u7ecf\u7531\u8bfb\u53d6<code>makefile<\/code>\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u4ee5\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u5efa\u6784\u8f6f\u4ef6<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1.1 \u76f8\u5173\u77e5\u8bc6<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u94fe\u63a5\uff1a\u5c06\u591a<code>.o<\/code>\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u6216\u8005<code>.o<\/code>\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u5e93\u6587\u4ef6\u94fe\u63a5\u6210\u4e3a\u53ef\u88ab\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u6267\u884c\u7684\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff08Linux\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u4e3a<code>ELF<\/code>\u683c\u5f0f\uff09\uff1b\u94fe\u63a5\u5668\u4e0d\u68c0\u67e5\u51fd\u6570\u6240\u5728\u7684\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u53ea\u68c0\u67e5\u6240\u6709<code>.o<\/code>\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u7b26\u53f7\u3002\u5c06<code>.o<\/code>\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u5176\u5b83<code>.o<\/code>\u6216\u8005\u5e93\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u7b26\u53f7\u8fdb\u884c\u5408\u5e76\uff0c\u5bf9\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u7b26\u53f7\u8fdb\u884c\u91cd\u65b0\u5b89\u6392(\u91cd\u5b9a\u4f4d),\u5e76\u94fe\u63a5\u7cfb\u7edf\u76f8\u5173\u6587\u4ef6(\u7a0b\u5e8f\u542f\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6\u7b49)\u6700\u7ec8\u751f\u6210\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u7a0b\u5e8f<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u9759\u6001\u5e93\uff1a\u53c8\u79f0\u4e3a\u6587\u6863\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u591a\u4e2a<code>.o<\/code>\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u96c6\u5408\u3002Linux\u4e2d\u9759\u6001\u5e93\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u540e\u7f00\u4e3a<code>.a<\/code>\u3002\u9759\u6001\u5e93\u4e2d\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u6210\u5458\uff08<code>.o<\/code>\u6587\u4ef6\uff09\u6ca1\u6709\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u683c\u5f0f\uff0c\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a<code>.o<\/code>\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u96c6\u5408<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u52a8\u6001\u5e93\uff1a\u4e5f\u662f\u591a\u4e2a<code>.o<\/code>\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u96c6\u5408\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8fd9\u4e9b<code>.o<\/code>\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\u6709\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u6309\u7167\u4e00\u79cd\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u751f\u6210\u3002\u6a21\u5757\u4e2d\u5404\u4e2a\u6210\u5458\u7684\u5730\u5740\uff08\u53d8\u91cf\u5f15\u7528\u548c\u51fd\u6570\u8c03\u7528\uff09\u90fd\u662f\u76f8\u5bf9\u5730\u5740\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u6b64\u5171\u4eab\u5e93\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u5171\u4eab\u5e93\u88ab\u52a8\u6001\u52a0\u8f7d\u5230\u5185\u5b58\u5e76\u548c\u4e3b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u591a\u4e2a\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u53ef\u5171\u4eab\u5e93\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u6bb5\uff08\u591a\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5171\u4eab\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u5e93\u4e2d\u7684\u67d0\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u5171\u4eab\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u4e0d\u5171\u4eab\u6570\u636e\uff09<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. Makefile\u89c4\u5219<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u5f53\u4f7f\u7528<code>make<\/code>\u5de5\u5177\u8fdb\u884c\u7f16\u8bd1\u65f6\uff0c\u5de5\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u79cd\u6587\u4ef6\u5728\u6267\u884c<code>make<\/code>\u65f6\u5c06\u4f1a\u88ab\u7f16\u8bd1\u6216\u91cd\u65b0\u7f16\u8bd1:<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u7f16\u8bd1\u8fc7\uff0c\u5219\u5bf9\u5404\u4e2a<code>C<\/code>\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\u8fdb\u884c\u7f16\u8bd1\u5e76\u8fdb\u884c\u94fe\u63a5\uff0c\u751f\u6210\u6700\u540e\u7684\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u7a0b\u5e8f<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u5728\u4e0a\u6b21\u6267\u884c<code>make<\/code>\u4e4b\u540e\u4fee\u6539\u8fc7\u7684<code>C<\/code>\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u6587\u4ef6\u5728\u672c\u6b21\u6267\u884c<code>make<\/code>\u65f6\u5c06\u4f1a\u88ab\u91cd\u65b0\u7f16\u8bd1<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>.h<\/code>\u5934\u6587\u4ef6\u5728\u4e0a\u4e00\u6b21\u6267\u884c<code>make<\/code>\u4e4b\u540e\u88ab\u4fee\u6539\uff0c\u5219\u6240\u6709\u5305\u542b\u6b64<code>.h<\/code>\u5934\u6587\u4ef6\u7684<code>C<\/code>\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\u5728\u672c\u6b21\u6267\u884c<code>make<\/code>\u65f6\u5c06\u4f1a\u88ab\u91cd\u65b0\u7f16\u8bd1<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.1 \u6267\u884c<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>Makefile<\/code>\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6267\u884c\u9700\u8981\u5b89\u88c5\u5148<code>make<\/code>\u5de5\u5177\uff1b<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u6267\u884c<code>Makefile<\/code>\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\u5728\u7ec8\u7aef\u8f93\u5165\u5bf9\u5e94\u547d\u4ee4<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>  #\u81ea\u52a8\u6267\u884c\u540d\u79f0\u4e3amakefile.mk\u6216\u8005Makefile.mk\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\n  make\n\n  #\u6267\u884c\u6307\u5b9a\u7684mk\u6587\u4ef6\n  make -f XXX.mk<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.2 \u6982\u5ff5\u4ecb\u7ecd<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>makefile<\/code>\u6587\u4ef6\u6267\u884c\u65f6\u4f1a\u4ece\u4ece\u4e0a\u5411\u4e0b\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u89c4\u5219\u5f00\u59cb<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>  # \u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684makefile\u63cf\u8ff0\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u7ec4\u6210\u7ed3\u6784\n  target:prerequisites\n      command\n      ...\n      ...<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>target:<\/code>\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u76ee\u6807<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u6700\u540e\u9700\u8981\u751f\u6210\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u6216\u8005\u4e3a\u4e86\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u7684\u800c\u5fc5\u9700\u7684\u4e2d\u95f4\u8fc7\u7a0b\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f<code>.o<\/code>\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u6700\u540e\u7684\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u7b49\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u76ee\u6807\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a<code>make<\/code>\u6267\u884c\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\u7684\u540d\u79f0\uff0c\u5982\u76ee\u6807<code>clean<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>prerequisites:<\/code>\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u751f\u6210\u89c4\u5219\u76ee\u6807\u6240\u9700\u8981\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u5217\u8868\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u8005\u591a\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>command:<\/code>\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u884c<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u662f\u89c4\u5219\u6240\u8981\u6267\u884c\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\uff08\u4efb\u610f\u7684<code>shell<\/code>\u547d\u4ee4\u6216\u8005\u662f\u53ef\u5728<code>shell<\/code>\u4e0b\u6267\u884c\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff09\u3002\u5b83\u9650\u5b9a\u4e86<code>make<\/code>\u6267\u884c\u8fd9\u6761\u89c4\u5219\u65f6\u6240\u9700\u8981\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u4e00\u4e2a\u89c4\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\u5360\u4e00\u884c<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u6ce8\u610f\uff1a<strong>\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u5fc5\u987b\u4ee5<code>[Tab]<\/code>\u5b57\u7b26\u5f00\u59cb\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u56db\u4e2a\u7a7a\u683c<\/strong>\uff0c<code>[Tab]<\/code>\u5b57\u7b26\u544a\u8bc9<code>make<\/code>\u6b64\u884c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u3002<code>make<\/code>\u6309\u7167\u547d\u4ee4\u5b8c\u6210\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u4e66\u5199<code>Makefile<\/code>\u4e2d\u5bb9\u6613\u4ea7\u751f\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6bd4\u8f83\u9690\u853d\u7684\u9519\u8bef<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.3 \u8c03\u8bd5<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>makefile<\/code>\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u6709\u51e0\u79cd\u6dfb\u52a0\u6253\u5370\u6216\u8005\u65ad\u70b9\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>error<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u4ea7\u751f\u4e00\u4e2a\u81f4\u547d\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u5e76\u4e2d\u65ad\u6267\u884c <code>$(error error test) #error test<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>warining<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u4ea7\u751f\u4e00\u4e2a\u544a\u8b66\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u4e0d\u5f71\u54cd\u6267\u884c <code>$(warning warning test) #warning test<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>info<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u4ea7\u751f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8c03\u8bd5\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u4e0d\u5f71\u54cd\u6267\u884c <code>$(info info test) #info test<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>echo<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u8c03\u7528shell\u4e2d\u7684echo\u51fd\u6570\u6253\u5370\u8c03\u5f0f\u4fe1\u606f <code>@echo \"echo test\" #echo test<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. \u7279\u6b8a\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.1 <code>?=<\/code>\u7b26\u53f7<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u6b64\u53d8\u91cf\u4e4b\u524d\u6ca1\u6709\u8d4b\u503c\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u624d\u4f1a\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u8fdb\u884c\u8d4b\u503c<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>   ?= bar \n  # \u5176\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\uff1a\n  ifeq ($(origin FOO), undefined) \n  FOO = bar \n  endif<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.2 <code>-<\/code>\u7b26\u53f7<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u5728<code>Makefile<\/code>\u4e2d\uff0c\u201c<code>-<\/code>\u201d \u7b26\u53f7\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u7528\u9014\uff1a<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u4e2d\u7684\u5f00\u5934\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5ffd\u7565\u547d\u4ee4\u6267\u884c\u7684\u8fd4\u56de\u7801\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u547d\u4ee4\u6267\u884c\u5931\u8d25\uff0c<code>Makefile<\/code>\u4e5f\u4f1a\u7ee7\u7eed\u6267\u884c\u540e\u7eed\u7684\u547d\u4ee4 <code>target: -rm foo.txt # \u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u51fa\u73b0\u9519\u8bef\u4e5f\u5ffd\u7565 cp bar.txt foo.txt<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5728\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u4e2d\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5c55\u5f00\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u53d8\u91cf\u672a\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u89e6\u53d1\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u4f9b\u67d0\u4e9b\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u6216\u5141\u8bb8\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u53d8\u91cf <code>CC = gcc CFLAGS = -Wall -Werror ifdef DEBUG CFLAGS += -g endif target: $(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o target main.c # \u5982\u679c\u672a\u5b9a\u4e49DEBUG\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5c06-g\u9009\u9879\u5305\u542b\u5230CFLAGS\u53d8\u91cf\u4e2d\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u9700\u8981\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u5426\u542f\u7528\u8c03\u8bd5\u9009\u9879<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. \u53d8\u91cf<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>makefile<\/code>\u4e2d\u53d8\u91cf\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u5b57\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u672c\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u5728<code>Makefile<\/code>\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u3001\u4f9d\u8d56\u3001\u547d\u4ee4\u4e2d\u5f15\u7528\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u53d8\u91cf\u4f1a\u88ab\u5b83\u7684\u503c\u6240\u53d6\u4ee3<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f,\u8fd9<strong>\u4e24\u79cd\u98ce\u683c\u7684\u533a\u522b\u5728\u4e8e\u5b9a\u4e49\u65b9\u5f0f\u548c\u5c55\u5f00\u65f6\u673a<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.1 \u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u5e38\u7528\u5c5e\u6027<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.1.1 \u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u5f15\u7528<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u57df<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5728<code>Makefile<\/code>\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u5bf9\u6b64<code>Makefile<\/code>\u7684\u6240\u6709\u89c4\u5219\u90fd\u662f\u6709\u6548\u7684\uff1b\u5b83\u5c31\u50cf\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a<strong>\u201c\u5168\u5c40\u7684\u201d<\/strong>\u53d8\u91cf\uff08<strong>\u4ec5\u9650\u4e8e\u5b9a\u4e49\u5b83\u7684\u90a3\u4e2aMakefile\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u89c4\u5219<\/strong>\uff09\u5982\u679c\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u5176\u5b83\u7684<code>Makefile<\/code>\u4e2d\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u6709\u6548\uff0c\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528<code>export<\/code>\u5bf9\u5b83\u8fdb\u884c\u58f0\u660e<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u65b9\u5f0f<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u901a\u8fc7<code>$(VARIABLE_NAME)<\/code>\u6216\u8005<code>${VARIABLE_NAME}<\/code>\u6765\u5f15\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u53d8\u91cf\u5c55\u5f00\u65b9\u5f0f<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u53d8\u91cf\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u5c55\u5f00\u8fc7\u7a0b\u662f<strong>\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u6587\u672c\u66ff\u6362<\/strong>\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.1.2 \u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u4f7f\u7528<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\u4e4b\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u5305\u542b\u51fd\u6570\u6216\u8005\u5176\u5b83\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u5f15\u7528\uff0c<code>make<\/code>\u5728\u8bfb\u5165\u6b64\u884c\u65f6\u6839\u636e\u5df2\u5b9a\u4e49\u60c5\u51b5\u8fdb\u884c\u66ff\u6362\u5c55\u5f00\u800c\u4ea7\u751f\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u540d<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u503c\u5728\u957f\u5ea6\u4e0a\u6ca1\u6709\u9650\u5236\u3002\u53d8\u91cf\u5b9a\u4e49\u8f83\u957f\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u6bd4\u8f83\u957f\u7684\u884c\u5206\u591a\u4e2a\u884c\u6765\u4e66\u5199\uff0c\u9664\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u884c\u5916\u884c\u4e0e\u884c\u4e4b\u95f4\u4f7f\u7528<code>\u53cd\u659c\u6760 \\<\/code>\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u884c<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5f53\u5f15\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u6ca1\u6709\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c<code>make<\/code> \u9ed8\u8ba4\u5b83\u7684\u503c\u4e3a\u7a7a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.1.3 \u8ffd\u52a0\u53d8\u91cf\u503c<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u4e00\u4e2a\u901a\u7528\u53d8\u91cf\u5728\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u5176\u503c\u8fdb\u884c\u8ffd\u52a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5728 <code>Makefile<\/code> \u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528<code>+=<\/code>\uff08\u8ffd\u52a0\u65b9\u5f0f\uff09\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u7684\u8ffd\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>  # \u201canother.o\u201d\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u53d8\u91cf\u201cobjects\u201d\u539f\u6709\u503c\u7684\u672b\u5c3e\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u7a7a\u683c\u548c\u539f\u6709\u503c\u5206\u5f00\n  objects = main.o foo.o bar.o utils.o \n  objects += another.o\n\n  # \u5927\u90e8\u5206\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\n  objects = main.o foo.o bar.o utils.o \n  objects := $(objects) another.o<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u5982\u679c\u88ab\u8ffd\u52a0\u503c\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u4e4b\u524d\u6ca1\u6709\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48<code>+=<\/code>\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u53d8\u6210<code>=<\/code>\uff0c\u6b64\u53d8\u91cf\u5c31\u88ab\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u9012\u5f52\u5c55\u5f00\u5f0f\u7684\u53d8\u91cf<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u76f4\u63a5\u5c55\u5f00\u5f0f\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u8ffd\u52a0\u8fc7\u7a0b\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u53d8\u91cf\u4f7f\u7528<code>:=<\/code>\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u4e4b\u540e<code>+=<\/code>\u64cd\u4f5c\u5c06\u4f1a\u9996\u5148\u66ff\u6362\u5c55\u5f00\u4e4b\u524d\u6b64\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5728\u672b\u5c3e\u6dfb\u52a0\u9700\u8981\u8ffd\u52a0\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528<code>:=<\/code>\u91cd\u65b0\u7ed9\u6b64\u53d8\u91cf\u8d4b\u503c\uff1b\u9012\u5f52\u5c55\u5f00\u5f0f\u4f7f\u7528<code>=<\/code>\u8d4b\u503c\u540c\u7406<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.2 \u9012\u5f52\u5c55\u5f00\u5f0f\u53d8\u91cf<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u5b9a\u4e49\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1a\u9012\u5f52\u5c55\u5f00\u5f0f\u53d8\u91cf\u662f\u901a\u8fc7<code>=<\/code>\u6216\u4f7f\u7528\u6307\u793a\u7b26<code>define<\/code>\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u4f7f\u7528<code>define<\/code>\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u548c\u4f7f\u7528<code>=<\/code>\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u5c5e\u4e8e\u201c\u9012\u5f52\u5c55\u5f00\u201d\u5f0f\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u4e24\u8005\u53ea\u662f\u5728\u8bed\u6cd5\u4e0a\u4e0d\u540c<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5c55\u5f00\u65f6\u673a\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528<code>=<\/code>\u8d4b\u503c\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u5728<strong>\u5728\u88ab\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u5c55\u5f00\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6b64\u53d8\u91cf\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e2d\u5bf9\u5176\u4ed6\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u5f15\u7528<\/strong>\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u662f<strong>\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u53d8\u91cf\u5b9a\u4e49\u65f6\u88ab\u5f15\u7528\u5219\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5c55\u5f00<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5728\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u53d8\u91cf\u662f\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u6587\u672c\u66ff\u6362\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u6b64\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u539f\u6a21\u539f\u6837\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u5f15\u7528\u5b83\u7684\u5730\u65b9<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>  ugh = Huh\n  bar = $(ugh)\n  foo = $(bar) \n\n  all:\n      @echo $(foo)                #Huh\n\n  # 1.$(foo)\u88ab\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a$(bar)\n  # 2.$(bar)\u88ab\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a$(ugh)\n  # 3.$(ugh)\u88ab\u66ff\u6362\u4e3aHug\n  # \u6574\u4e2a\u66ff\u6362\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u662f\u5728\u6267\u884cecho $(foo)\u65f6\u5b8c\u6210\u7684<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.2.1 \u4f18\u70b9<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u53d8\u91cf\u5b9a\u4e49\u65f6,\u5f15\u7528\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u4e4b\u524d\u6ca1\u6709\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u53d8\u91cf(\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u540e\u7eed\u90e8\u5206\u5b9a\u4e49,\u6216\u8005\u662f\u901a\u8fc7<code>make<\/code>\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u9009\u9879\u4f20\u9012\u7684\u53d8\u91cf)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>  CFLAGS = $(include_dirs) -O \n  include_dirs = -Ifoo -Ibar\n\n  # \u201cCFLAGS\u201d\u4f1a\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u4e2d\u88ab\u5c55\u5f00\u4e3a\u201c-Ifoo -Ibar -O\u201d\n  # \u800c\u5728\u201cCFLAGS\u201d\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u5176\u540e\u624d\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u201cinclude_dirs\u201d<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.2.2 \u7f3a\u70b9<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f3a\u70b9\uff1a\u6b64\u98ce\u683c\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u5b9a\u4e49,\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u7531\u4e8e\u51fa\u73b0\u53d8\u91cf\u9012\u5f52\u5b9a\u4e49\u800c\u5bfc\u81f4<code>make<\/code>\u9677\u5165\u5230\u65e0\u9650\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u5c55\u5f00\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d,\u6700\u7ec8\u4f7f<code>make<\/code>\u6267\u884c\u5931\u8d25<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>  CFLAGS = $(CFLAGS) \u2013O\n\n  # \u5b83\u5c06\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4 make \u5bf9\u53d8\u91cf\u201cCFLAGS\u201d\u7684\u65e0\u9650\u5c55\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u53bb\uff08\u8fd9\u79cd\u5b9a\u4e49\u5c31\u662f\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u9012\u5f52\u5b9a\u4e49\uff09\n  # \u56e0\u4e3a\u4e00\u65e6\u540e\u7eed\u540c\u6837\u5b58\u5728\u5bf9\u201cCLFAGS\u201d\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u8ffd\u52a0\uff0c\u5c55\u5f00\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5c06\u662f\u5957\u5d4c\u7684\u3001\u4e0d\u80fd\u7ec8\u6b62\u7684\uff08\u5728\u53d1\u751f\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u65f6\uff0cmake \u4f1a\u63d0# \u793a\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f\u5e76\u7ed3\u675f\uff09<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u7f3a\u70b9\uff1a\u8fd9\u79cd\u98ce\u683c\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e2d\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5305\u542b\u5728\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u4e2d\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u603b\u4f1a\u5728\u53d8\u91cf\u88ab\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u6267\u884c\uff08\u53d8\u91cf\u88ab\u5c55\u5f00\u65f6\uff09<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.3 \u76f4\u63a5\u5c55\u5f00\u5f0f\u53d8\u91cf<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u76f4\u63a5\u5c55\u5f00\u5f0f\u53d8\u91cf\u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u9012\u5f52\u5f0f\u5c55\u5f00\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u4e2d\u5bf9\u5176\u4ed6\u53d8\u91cf\u6216\u8005\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u5728\u5b9a\u4e49\u53d8\u91cf\u65f6\u5c55\u5f00\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u53d8\u91cf\u88ab\u5b9a\u4e49\u540e\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b9e\u9645\u9700\u8981\u7684\u6587\u672c\u4e32\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e0d\u518d\u5305\u542b\u4efb\u4f55\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u5f15\u7528<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>  x := foo \n  y := $(x) bar \n  x := later \n\n  # \u5c31\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\uff1a\n  y := foo bar \n  x := later<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u4e0e\u9012\u5f52\u5f0f\u5c55\u5f00\u53d8\u91cf\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u53d8\u91cf\u5728\u5b9a\u4e49\u65f6\u5c31\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u5bf9\u6240\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u548c\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u5c55\u5f00\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e0d\u80fd\u5b9e\u73b0\u5bf9\u5176\u540e\u5b9a\u4e49\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u5f15\u7528<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.4 \u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u66ff\u6362\u5f15\u7528<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u201c\u66ff\u6362\u5f15\u7528\u201d\u5c06\u5176\u503c\u4e2d\u7684\u540e\u7f00\u5b57\u7b26\uff08\u4e32\uff09\u4f7f\u7528\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\uff08\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff09\u66ff\u6362<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u683c\u5f0f\u4e3a<code>$(VAR:A=B)<\/code>\u6216\u8005<code>${VAR:A=B}<\/code>\u610f\u601d\u662f\u66ff\u6362\u53d8\u91cf<code>VAR<\/code>\u4e2d\u6240\u6709<code>A<\/code>\u5b57\u7b26\u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u5b57\u4e3a<code>B<\/code>\u201c\u7ed3\u5c3e\u201d\u7684\u5b57\uff0c\u201c\u7ed3\u5c3e\u201d\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u662f\u7a7a\u683c\u4e4b\u524d\uff08\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u591a\u4e2a\u5b57\u4e4b\u95f4\u4f7f\u7528\u7a7a\u683c\u5206\u5f00\uff09<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>  foo := a.o b.o c.o \n  bar := $(foo:.o=.c)\n\n  # foo = a.o b.o c.o\n  # bar = a.c b.c c.c<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.5 \u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u5d4c\u5957\u5f15\u7528<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u4e0d\u5efa\u8bae\u4efb\u4f55\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u4f7f\u7528<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\uff08\u6587\u672c\u4e32\uff09\u4e4b\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u5305\u542b\u5bf9\u5176\u5b83\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u6211\u4eec\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u201c\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u5957\u5d4c\u5f15\u7528\u201d\u6216\u8005\u201c\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>  x = y \n  y = z \n  a := $($(x))    # a = z\n\n  # 1.\u53d8\u91cf\u5f15\u7528\u201c$(x)\u201d\u88ab\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\u201cy\u201d\uff08\u5c31\u662f\u201c$($(x))\u201d\u88ab\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u4e86\u201c$(y)\u201d\uff09\n  # 2.\u201c$(y)\u201d\u88ab\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u201cz\u201d\uff08\u5c31\u662f a := z\uff09<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d<code>\uff08a:=$($(x))\uff09<\/code>\u6240\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\u4e0d\u662f\u660e\u786e\u58f0\u660e\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7531<code>$(x)<\/code>\u6269\u5c55\u5f97\u5230\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc<code>$(x)<\/code>\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5916\u5c42\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u5c31\u662f\u5957\u5d4c\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u5f15\u7528<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u9012\u5f52\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u5957\u5d4c\u5f15\u7528\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5305\u542b\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u4fee\u6539\u5f15\u7528\u548c\u51fd\u6570\u8c03\u7528<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>  x = variable1\n  variable2 := Hello\n  y = $(subst 1, 2, $(x))\n  z = y\n  a := $($($(z)))                   # a := Hello\n\n  # 1.\u201c$($($(z)))\u201d\u9996\u5148\u88ab\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u201c$($(y))\u201d\n  # 2.\u4e4b\u540e\u518d\u6b21\u88ab\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a $($(subst 1,2,$(x))) \u201d\n  # 3.\u201c$(x)\u201d\u7684\u503c\u662f\u201c variable1 \u201d\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6709\u201c $($(subst 1,2,$(variable1)))\u201d\uff09\n  # 4.\u51fd\u6570\u5904\u7406\u4e4b\u540e\u4e3a\u201c$(variable2)\u201d\u3002\u4e4b\u540e\u5bf9\u5b83\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u66ff\u6362\u5c55\u5f00\u3002\u6700\u7ec8\uff0c\u53d8\u91cf\u201ca\u201d\u7684\u503c\u5c31\u662f\u201cHello\u201d<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. Makefile\u89c4\u5219<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><code>Makefile<\/code>\u4e2d\u201c\u89c4\u5219\u201d\u5c31\u662f\u63cf\u8ff0\u5728\u4ec0\u4e48\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u3001\u5982\u4f55\u91cd\u5efa\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u89c4\u5219\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u4e86\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb\u548c\u91cd\u5efa\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u547d\u4ee4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5.1 \u89c4\u5219\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684 <code>Makefile<\/code> \u63cf\u8ff0\u89c4\u5219\u7ec4\u6210 <code># \u98ce\u683c\u4e00 TARGET... : PREREQUISITES... COMMAND ... # \u98ce\u683c\u4e8c TARGETS : PREREQUISITES ; COMMAND COMMAND ...<\/code>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>TARGETS<\/code>\uff1a\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u76ee\u6807\uff1b\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u6700\u540e\u9700\u8981\u751f\u6210\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u6216\u8005\u4e3a\u4e86\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u7684\u800c\u5fc5\u9700\u7684\u4e2d\u95f4\u8fc7\u7a0b\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u7a7a\u683c\u5206\u5f00\u7684\u591a\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6807\u7b7e\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u6267\u884c\u6e05\u7a7a\u7684<code>clean<\/code>\uff09\u3002<code>TARGETS<\/code>\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u901a\u914d\u7b26<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>PREREQUISITES<\/code>\uff1a\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\uff1b\u751f\u6210\u89c4\u5219\u76ee\u6807\u6240\u9700\u8981\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u8005\u591a\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u5fc5\u987b\u7684\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u53ef\u4ee5\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a<code>clean<\/code>\u89c4\u5219\u4e13\u95e8\u7528\u4e8e\u6e05\u7406\u7f16\u8bd1\u4ea7\u7269\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u4f9d\u8d56\u800c\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u6267\u884c\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u547d\u4ee4<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>COMMAND<\/code>\uff1a\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\uff1b\u662f\u89c4\u5219\u6240\u8981\u6267\u884c\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u4efb\u610f\u7684<code>shell<\/code>\u547d\u4ee4\u6216\u8005\u662f\u53ef\u5728<code>shell<\/code>\u4e0b\u6267\u884c\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u5b83\u9650\u5b9a\u4e86<code>make<\/code>\u6267\u884c\u8fd9\u6761\u89c4\u5219\u65f6\u6240\u9700\u8981\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u4e00\u4e2a\u89c4\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\u5360\u4e00\u884c\u3002<strong>\u6ce8\u610f\uff1a\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u5fc5\u987b\u4ee5<code>[Tab]<\/code>\u5b57\u7b26\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c<code>[Tab]<\/code>\u5b57\u7b26\u544a\u8bc9<\/strong> <strong><code>make<\/code><\/strong> <strong>\u6b64\u884c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u884c<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u601d\u60f3\u662f\uff1a<strong>\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u662f\u7531\u4f9d\u8d56\u6587\u4ef6\u6587\u4ef6\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u4f9d\u8d56\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u5904<\/strong>\u6539\u52a8\uff0c\u5c06\u5bfc\u81f4\u76ee\u524d\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u8fc7\u671f\u3002\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u4e3a\u91cd\u5efa\u76ee\u6807\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u547d\u4ee4\u8fd0\u884c\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf <code>shell<\/code> \u4e4b\u4e0a\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5.2 \u4f9d\u8d56\u7684\u7c7b\u578b<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u200b \u4e00\u4e2a\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u8868\u660e\u4e86\u4e24\u4ef6\u4e8b\uff1a\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u5b83\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u91cd\u5efa\u6b64\u89c4\u5219\u76ee\u6807\u6240\u8981\u6267\u884c\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\uff1b\u8868\u660e\u5728\u66f4\u65b0\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u4e4b\u524d\u9700\u8981\u6309\u7167\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u3001\u6267\u884c\u90a3\u4e9b\u89c4\u5219\u6765\u91cd\u5efa\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4f9d\u8d56\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u5b83\u786e\u5b9a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f9d\u5b58\u5173\u7cfb\uff1b\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u89c4\u5219\uff1a<code>A:B C<\/code>\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5728\u91cd\u5efa\u76ee\u6807 <code>A<\/code> \u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u9700\u8981\u5b8c\u6210\u5bf9\u5b83\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u6587\u4ef6 <code>B<\/code> \u548c <code>C<\/code> \u7684\u91cd\u5efa\u3002\u91cd\u5efa <code>B<\/code> \u548c <code>C<\/code> \u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5c31\u662f\u6267\u884c<code>Makefile<\/code>\u4e2d\u4ee5\u6587\u4ef6 <code>B<\/code> \u548c <code>C<\/code> \u4e3a\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u200b \u89c4\u5219\u4e2d\u5982\u679c\u4f9d\u8d56\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u6bd4\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6\u65b0\uff0c\u5219\u8ba4\u4e3a\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u5df2\u7ecf\u8fc7\u671f\u800c\u9700\u8981\u91cd\u5efa\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u901a\u5e38\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u89c4\u5219\u4e2d\u4f9d\u8d56\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u88ab\u66f4\u65b0\uff0c\u5219\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u76f8\u5e94\u5730\u4e5f\u5e94\u8be5\u88ab\u66f4\u65b0\u3002\u6709\u65f6\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u5728\u66f4\u65b0\u76ee\u6807\uff08<strong>\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b58\u5728<\/strong>\uff09\u65f6\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u6839\u636e\u4f9d\u8d56\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u6765\u51b3\u5b9a\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u5426\u9700\u8981\u88ab\u91cd\u5efa\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5728\u4f9d\u8d56\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u88ab\u4fee\u6539\u540e\u90fd\u91cd\u5efa\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e00\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u7c7b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5.2.1 \u5e38\u89c4\u4f9d\u8d56\u7c7b\u578b<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u4f9d\u8d56\u6587\u4ef6\u88ab\u66f4\u65b0\u540e\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u65b0\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u8fd9\u7c7b\u4f9d\u8d56\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u5e38\u89c4\u4f9d\u8d56<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5e38\u89c4\u4f9d\u8d56\u7c7b\u578b\u5373\u524d\u6587\u4e2d\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u548c\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u662f<code>Makefile<\/code>\u4e2d\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u548c\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u7c7b\u578b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5.2.2 <code>order-only<\/code>\u4f9d\u8d56\u7c7b\u578b<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u4f9d\u8d56\u6587\u4ef6\u88ab\u66f4\u65b0\u540e\uff0c\u53ef\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u65b0\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u628a\u7b2c\u8fd9\u79cd\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e3a\uff1a<code>order-only<\/code>\u4f9d\u8d56<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u4e66\u5199\u89c4\u5219\u65f6\uff0c<code>order-only<\/code>\u4f9d\u8d56\u4f7f\u7528\u7ba1\u9053\u7b26\u53f7<code>|<\/code>\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f9d\u8d56\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u89c4\u5219\u4f9d\u8d56\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u7ba1\u9053\u7b26\u53f7<code>|<\/code>\u5de6\u8fb9\u7684\u662f\u5e38\u89c4\u4f9d\u8d56\uff0c\u7ba1\u9053\u7b26\u53f7\u53f3\u8fb9\u7684\u5c31\u662f<code>order-only<\/code>\u4f9d\u8d56\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u4e66\u5199\u683c\u5f0f\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a <code># |\u5de6\u4fa7\u4e3a\u5e38\u89c4\u4f9d\u8d56\uff0c|\u53f3\u4fa7\u4e3aorder-only\u4f9d\u8d56 TARGETS : NORMAL-PREREQUISITES | ORDER-ONLY-PREREQUISITES # order-only\u4f9d\u8d56\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u4e3e\u4f8b\uff1a # make\u5728\u6267\u884c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89c4\u5219\u65f6\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6\u201cfoo\u201d\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u5f53\u201cfoo.c\u201d\u88ab\u4fee\u6539\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u76ee\u6807\u201cfoo\u201d\u5c06\u4f1a\u88ab\u91cd\u5efa\u3002 # \u4f46\u662f\u5f53\u201clibtest.a\u201d\u88ab\u4fee\u6539\u4ee5\u540e\u3002\u5c06\u4e0d\u6267\u884c\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u91cd\u5efa\u76ee\u6807\u201cfoo\u201d\u3002 # \u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u89c4\u5219\u4e2d\u4f9d\u8d56\u6587\u4ef6$(LIBS)\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u624d\u4f1a\u53c2\u4e0e\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u6267\u884c # \u5f53\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6\u5b58\u5728\u65f6\u6b64\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53c2\u4e0e\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u6267\u884c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002 LIBS = libtest.a foo : foo.c | $(LIBS) $(CC) $(CFLAGS) $&lt; -o $@ $(LIBS)<\/code>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u6ce8\u610f\uff1a\u89c4\u5219\u4f9d\u8d56\u6587\u4ef6\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u540c\u65f6\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u5e38\u89c4\u5217\u8868\u548c<code>order-only<\/code>\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6b64\u6587\u4ef6\u88ab\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5e38\u89c4\u4f9d\u8d56\u5904\u7406<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6. Makefile\u76ee\u6807<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5f53\u6ca1\u6709\u4f7f\u7528<code>make<\/code>\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u6307\u5b9a\u5177\u4f53\u76ee\u6807\u65f6\uff0c<code>make<\/code>\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u66f4\u65b0\u7684\u54ea\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a<strong>\u7ec8\u6781\u76ee\u6807<\/strong>\u9664\u4e86<code>makefile<\/code>\u7684\u201c\u7ec8\u6781\u76ee\u6807\u201d\u6240\u5728\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u4ee5\u5916\uff0c\u5176\u5b83\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u5728<code>makefile<\/code>\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u3002<strong>\u7ec8\u6781\u76ee\u6807<\/strong>\u662f\u6267\u884c <code>make<\/code> \u7684\u552f\u4e00\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u5176\u6240\u5728\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u88ab\u6267\u884c\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u3002\u800c\u5176\u5b83\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u662f\u5728\u5b8c\u6210\u91cd\u5efa\u201c\u7ec8\u6781\u76ee\u6807\u201d\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u88ab\u8fde\u5e26\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u8fd9\u4e9b\u76ee\u6807\u6240\u5728\u89c4\u5219\u5728<code>Makefile<\/code>\u4e2d\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u65e0\u5173\u7d27\u8981\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6.1 \u4f2a\u76ee\u6807<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5f53\u4f7f\u7528<strong><code>.PHONY<\/code><\/strong>\u4fee\u9970\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u79f0\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\u4e3a\u4f2a\u76ee\u6807\uff1b\u4f8b\u5982<code>.PHONY clean<\/code>\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u79f0\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f<strong>\u4f2a\u76ee\u6807<\/strong>\u3002\u88ab\u58f0\u660e\u4fee\u9970\u4e3a\u4f2a\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u65e0\u8bba\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728<code>clean<\/code>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u8f93\u5165<code>make clean<\/code>\u4e4b\u540e\u3002\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u90fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u6267\u884c\u3002\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\u88ab\u58f0\u660e\u4e3a\u4f2a\u76ee\u6807\u540e\uff0c<code>make<\/code>\u5728\u6267\u884c\u6b64\u89c4\u5219\u65f6\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53bb\u8bd5\u56fe\u53bb\u67e5\u627e\u9690\u542b\u89c4\u5219\u6765\u521b\u5efa\u5b83\u3002\u4f2a\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u521b\u5efa\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u6267\u884c\u5176\u6240\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6267\u884c\u52a8\u4f5c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6.1.1 \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u4f2a\u76ee\u6807<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u4f2a\u76ee\u6807\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u548c\u76ee\u6807\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u60c5\u51b5<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>make\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4f2a\u76ee\u6807\u4e0d\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u751f\u6210\u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb\u548c\u63a8\u5bfc\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u5141\u8bb8\u6548\u7387<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6.1.2 \u4f2a\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u58f0\u660e<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\u58f0\u660e\u4e3a\u4f2a\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u5c06\u5b83\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7279\u6b8a\u76ee\u6807<code>.PHONY<\/code>\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>  .PHONY: clean \n  clean: \n  rm *.o temp<\/code><\/pre>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u6863 1.\u300aGNU make\u4e2d\u6587\u624b\u518c\u300b \u6574\u7406\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff1a\u5f90\u6d77\u5175 2.\u300a\u8ddf\u6211\u4e00\u8d77\u5199Makefile\u300b \u4f5c\u8005\uff1a\u9648\u7693\u7b14 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_import_markdown_pro_load_document_selector":0,"_import_markdown_pro_submit_text_textarea":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-44","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-learning-programming-languages"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.garfield-blog.top\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/44","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.garfield-blog.top\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.garfield-blog.top\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.garfield-blog.top\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.garfield-blog.top\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=44"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.garfield-blog.top\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/44\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":47,"href":"https:\/\/www.garfield-blog.top\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/44\/revisions\/47"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.garfield-blog.top\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=44"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.garfield-blog.top\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=44"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.garfield-blog.top\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=44"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}